Navigation: Why Do People Abuse Fentanyl?, Understanding Fentanyl Withdrawal, What Are the Symptoms of Fentanyl Withdrawal?, Other Effects of Fentanyl Abuse, Is Fentanyl Addictive?, Steps to Take During Fentanyl Withdrawal
Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid that is mainly used for pain management and anesthesia. It is estimated to be 50 to 100 times more powerful than morphine and about 50 times more potent than heroin. [1]
In medical settings, fentanyl helps treat patients with severe pain, particularly after surgery or during cancer treatment, due to its rapid onset and effectiveness. It can be administered in various forms, including patches, lozenges, tablets, nasal sprays, and injections.
However, fentanyl is also known for its high potential for abuse and addiction, contributing to the opioid crisis. Illicitly manufactured fentanyl, often mixed with other substances such as heroin or cocaine, significantly increases the risk of overdose and death due to its extreme potency and the difficulty in controlling dosages outside of medical supervision. [1]
One of the most dangerous effects of fentanyl is withdrawal. Here we are going to discuss its effects and what you can do if you are experiencing it.
It’s important to remember that you are not alone and there are steps you can take to manage your symptoms and move towards recovery. This guide aims to provide practical advice and support for those who are facing fentanyl withdrawal. Let’s take a closer look.
Why Do People Abuse Fentanyl?
Before we explore the effects of fentanyl withdrawal, let’s discuss some of the reasons people abuse this substance. The two main reasons are due to its potent analgesic properties and the intense euphoria it can produce.
Fentanyl is estimated to be 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and about 50 times more potent than heroin. This potency means that users can achieve a high with a much smaller dose compared to other opioids.
For those who are struggling with chronic pain, fentanyl can provide rapid and effective relief. Unfortunately, its potent effects also make it highly addictive. The intense euphoria people experience after taking it can lead to repeated use. Patients may be tempted to recreate that initial high. This is what leads to more serious problems like physical dependence and addiction.
Another reason for fentanyl abuse is its increasing presence in the illicit drug market. Fentanyl is often mixed with other drugs like heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine, sometimes without the user’s knowledge. This is because it is cheaper to produce and transport, and its high potency allows dealers to stretch their product further, maximizing profits. [1]
This practice also significantly increases the risk of overdose, as users may not be aware they are ingesting fentanyl. The unpredictability of its presence and dosage in street drugs exacerbates the dangers associated with its abuse.
Illegally used fentanyl made in labs is commonly associated with overdoses. This synthetic fentanyl comes in the form of a powder, which is dropped onto blotter paper, put in eye droppers and nasal sprays, or made into pills that look like other prescription drugs. [1]
On top of all these reasons, the severe withdrawal symptoms associated with fentanyl addiction may compel users to continue taking the drug to avoid these unpleasant effects. This cycle of dependence and the heightened risk of overdose create a particularly dangerous landscape for those abusing fentanyl.
Understanding Fentanyl Withdrawal
In the context of drug use and substance abuse, withdrawal occurs when a person who has become physically dependent on a substance suddenly reduces their intake or stops taking it altogether. The same applies for fentanyl withdrawal.
Fentanyl withdrawal is caused by the abrupt cessation or significant reduction in the use of fentanyl. Just like many other drugs, this substance binds to opioid receptors in the brain and body. It’s how it produces its analgesic and euphoric effects. It’s what gets people hooked on the drug. [2]
When fentanyl is used over a period of time, the body becomes physically dependent on the drug. The brain adjusts its normal functioning to accommodate the continuous presence of the opioid. In the process, it alters neurotransmitter levels and receptor activity.
When the drug is suddenly removed, the body experiences a shock to its system, leading to a range of withdrawal symptoms as it struggles to re-establish homeostasis without the drug’s influence. Simply put, the body struggles to function normally without the substance.
The severity and onset of fentanyl withdrawal are influenced by factors like dosage, duration of use, and the person’s overall health condition.
Fentanyl withdrawal symptoms can be particularly severe and more intense than withdrawal from other opioids due to fentanyl’s potency. It is also known to produce physical dependence more rapidly. In some cases, medical supervision is necessary to manage the withdrawal process safely, as severe symptoms can lead to significant physical and psychological distress. [2]
What Are the Symptoms of Fentanyl Withdrawal?
Fentanyl withdrawal symptoms can be intense and challenging to manage. These symptoms are similar to those of other opioids but can be more severe due to fentanyl’s potency. Here is a list of common symptoms associated with fentanyl withdrawal:
Early Symptoms (Within the First 24 Hours)
- Muscle Aches: Pain in muscles and joints. [1]
- Restlessness: An inability to stay still or relax.
- Anxiety: Feelings of unease and worry.
- Runny Nose: Similar to symptoms of a common cold.
- Sweating: Excessive perspiration.
- Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep. [1]
- Yawning: Frequent yawning.
Later Symptoms (After the First 24 Hours)
- Nausea and Vomiting: Stomach discomfort leading to vomiting. [1]
- Diarrhea: Frequent, loose bowel movements. [1]
- Dilated Pupils: Enlarged pupils sensitive to light.
- Goosebumps: Bumps on the skin due to chills.
- Abdominal Cramps: Stomach pain and cramping.
- Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: Tachycardia and hypertension.
- Depression and Irritability: Low mood and easily annoyed.
- Cravings: Intense desire to use fentanyl. [1]
Psychological Symptoms
- Depression: Prolonged feelings of sadness and hopelessness.
- Mood Swings: Rapid changes in emotional state.
- Irritability: Easily frustrated or annoyed.
- Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty concentrating and thinking clearly.
Other Effects of Fentanyl Abuse
Fentanyl abuse can have devastating effects on both the body and mind, extending beyond these withdrawal symptoms.
We already mentioned its potential for overdose, but we need to emphasize that this is a very dangerous consequence of fentanyl use as it is an extremely potent drug. Overdose can lead to respiratory depression, coma, and even death. [1]
Overdose can occur rapidly, making it a particularly dangerous drug to abuse. This risk is exacerbated when fentanyl is mixed with other substances, such as heroin or cocaine, which is common in street drugs.
Chronic fentanyl abuse can also have long-term effects on physical health. Prolonged use can lead to tolerance, meaning individuals need to take higher doses to achieve the desired effects. Of course this only increases the risk of overdose. It can also lead to respiratory issues, heart problems, and gastrointestinal complications. [1]
Additionally, fentanyl abuse can have profound effects on mental health. Chronic use is associated with depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders.
Is Fentanyl Addictive?
Addiction is a chronic medical condition that is characterized by a person’s inability to control their urge to consume a particular substance. They will keep taking the drug even when they are already suffering from its adverse effects. So can fentanyl cause addiction? The short answer is yes. [1]
Like other opioids, fentanyl interacts with the brain’s opioid receptors, leading to pain relief and feelings of euphoria. However, because of its potency, fentanyl carries a high risk of addiction.
The addictive potential of fentanyl stems from its ability to rapidly induce tolerance and physical dependence in users. Fentanyl’s intense euphoric effects can also contribute to psychological dependence, where people crave the drug to experience pleasure or avoid withdrawal symptoms. [1]
As a result, addiction to fentanyl can develop rapidly, even after short-term use.
Efforts to combat fentanyl addiction often involve a combination of medical detoxification, behavioral therapies, and support groups to help patients overcome both the physical and psychological aspects of their dependence.
Steps to Take During Fentanyl Withdrawal
The first thing people need to do when struggling with fentanyl withdrawal is to seek medical assistance.
Seeking medical assistance is crucial because of the severity of symptoms and potential complications caused by this drug. Fentanyl withdrawal can be intense and uncomfortable, often leading to flu-like symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, sweating, anxiety, and insomnia.
In severe cases, withdrawal can even lead to dangerous complications like dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and cardiac issues. Therefore, it’s crucial to have medical professionals monitor your condition and provide appropriate care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. [2]
Medical assistance during fentanyl withdrawal typically involves supervised detoxification in a specialized facility or under the care of a healthcare provider. During detox, the patient’s intake is gradually lowered while their cravings and withdrawal symptoms are managed and monitored by medical professionals. [2]
Medical detox may include medications to help alleviate withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings. While withdrawal itself can be an overwhelming experience, healthcare providers will do their best to keep the patient as stable and comfortable as possible.
Medical professionals can also offer psychological support and counseling to address the emotional and psychological aspects of addiction. Seeking medical assistance not only ensures safety during the withdrawal process but also increases the likelihood of successfully overcoming fentanyl dependence in the long term. [2]
While you are tapering, your doctor will monitor your health. You may need regular visits to check your vital signs and track symptoms. You may need to give blood samples to check the medication levels in your system.
Here are some other steps you can take in addition to seeking medical assistance.
Stay Hydrated and Nourished
During fentanyl withdrawal, maintaining hydration and proper nutrition is crucial for supporting the body through this challenging process. Dehydration and malnutrition can exacerbate withdrawal symptoms, making the experience even more uncomfortable.
Drinking plenty of water helps to flush toxins from the body and replenish fluids lost through sweating or vomiting, which are common during withdrawal. Additionally, consuming nourishing foods provides essential nutrients that support overall health and aid in the body’s recovery process.
Eat small, nutritious meals even if you don’t feel like it. Foods rich in vitamins and minerals can help your body recover.
Opting for easily digestible foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can help stabilize blood sugar levels and provide sustained energy. Bananas, soups, and crackers can be gentle on your stomach while providing necessary nutrients. This may help alleviate some of the physical discomfort caused by withdrawal. It’s essential to prioritize self-care and ensure the body has the resources it needs to navigate this challenging time.
Manage Symptoms
Fentanyl withdrawal can be an intense and challenging experience, often requiring medical supervision and support. One of the most important steps in managing withdrawal is keeping its symptoms under control. This is best done with professional help from medical experts. A healthcare provider can offer guidance on the safest and most effective ways to navigate withdrawal.
Typically, treating fentanyl withdrawal and addiction involves the use of certain medications. Here are some medications that may be used:
- Methadone: It’s a long-acting opioid agonist that can help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. It’s often used in opioid substitution therapy programs. [3]
- Buprenorphine: This partial opioid agonist can also reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. It has a ceiling effect, which makes overdose less likely. [3]
- Naltrexone: It’s an opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids. It’s used to prevent relapse once detoxification is complete.
- Clonidine: This medication is not an opioid, but it can help manage some of the symptoms of opioid withdrawal, such as anxiety, agitation, muscle aches, and sweating.
- Naloxone: While not a treatment for addiction itself, naloxone is a lifesaving medication used to reverse opioid overdose.
These medications are typically used in conjunction with behavioral therapies and counseling to address the underlying causes of addiction and help patients develop coping strategies to maintain long-term recovery. It’s important for those who are struggling with addiction to work closely with healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for their specific needs.
Seek Emotional Support
During fentanyl withdrawal, seeking emotional support can help patients navigate the challenging process of recovery. Withdrawal symptoms can be intense and overwhelming, both physically and emotionally. It’s essential to have a support system in place to provide understanding, encouragement, and empathy.
This support can come from friends, family members, support groups, or healthcare professionals trained in addiction recovery. Opening up about your struggles and fears can help alleviate some of the emotional burden and provide a sense of relief. [3]
Additionally, connecting with others who have gone through similar experiences can offer valuable insights and strategies for coping with withdrawal symptoms and preventing relapse. Remember, you don’t have to go through this alone, and reaching out for support is a sign of strength and courage.
Create a Safe Environment
If your loved one is suffering from fentanyl withdrawal, it is important to create a safe environment to help ensure their physical and emotional well-being. This means removing all fentanyl and other opioids from the surroundings to prevent temptation or accidental consumption.
Surround the person with supportive and understanding individuals who can provide guidance and encouragement throughout the withdrawal process.
Make sure they have access to comfortable and calming surroundings, such as a quiet room with soft lighting and comfortable seating, to help alleviate physical discomfort and anxiety. By establishing a safe and supportive environment, patients undergoing fentanyl withdrawal can better navigate the process with reduced risk and increased comfort.
Withdrawing from fentanyl is undeniably challenging, but taking the right steps can significantly improve a person’s chances of a successful recovery. Always seek medical help, take care of your physical and emotional needs, and build a support network to guide you through this difficult time. Remember, recovery is possible, and you have the strength to overcome this.
If you or someone you know is struggling with fentanyl withdrawal, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. Remember that you are not alone, and support is available. Look for a rehab near you today to learn more about different treatment programs for substance use disorder and addiction.
Sources:
[1]: https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl
[2]: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/what-to-know-fentanyl-withdrawal
[3]: https://windwardway.com/substance-abuse/fentanyl/withdrawal/
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