Highly Functional Alcoholic
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Understanding a Highly Functional Alcoholic
When someone is a high “functioning alcoholic”, they may be able to do their daily tasks without exhibiting the typical behaviors and symptoms that are commonly associated with alcoholism.
Navigation: What is a Highly Functional Alcoholic?, The Effects of High Functioning Alcoholism, Alcohol Abuse: How to Spot the Signs of High Functioning Alcoholism, How to Properly Approach a High Functioning Alcoholic, Treatment Options for Alcohol Use Disorder, Rehab Is Your Best Chance
Although alcoholism is often portrayed in the media as a struggle that leads to rock bottom, it isn’t always so easily recognizable. Some people manage to maintain a façade of normalcy while grappling with alcohol addiction. These people are often referred to as “highly functional alcoholics.”
When someone is a high “functioning alcoholic”, they may be able to do their daily tasks without exhibiting the typical behaviors and symptoms that are commonly associated with alcoholism. They may complete their tasks, pay bills on time, take care of their children, and even participate in social activities, while grappling with a drinking problem. [1]
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) defines alcohol use disorder (AUD) as a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an inability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. This means a high functioning alcoholic will still engage in excessive drinking, but their drinking habits won’t necessarily get in the way of their daily life.
Because of the dangers of alcohol use disorder and alcoholism, it is important to understand what high functioning alcoholism looks like so you can protect yourself and the people around you. Just because it is harder to spot doesn’t mean the problem isn’t there.
In this article, we will explore what high functioning alcoholism is, its effects, how to spot its signs and symptoms, risk factors, and how it can be treated.
What is a Highly Functional Alcoholic?
High functioning alcoholism is a term used to describe people who are addicted to alcohol but manage to maintain their daily responsibilities and appear to lead a “normal” life.
These individuals may hold down jobs, have families, and maintain their social obligations while secretly battling an addiction to alcohol. Their ability to conceal their addiction can make it difficult for others to recognize the problem.
While they may not meet some of the criteria for diagnosing an alcohol use disorder, they may meet other criteria that leads to an AUD diagnosis. This only goes to show that alcohol use disorder can exist and manifest in different ways for different people. The symptoms and their severity may also vary, which is why personalized treatment is often recommended. [1]
Highly functional alcoholics may be skilled at hiding their alcohol abuse from others, often leading a double life.
However, due to their continued alcohol abuse, they may develop a high tolerance for alcohol over time. This means they can consume significant amounts without appearing visibly impaired. Eventually, they may even develop physical dependence, wherein they cannot function normally without drinking alcohol. If they quit drinking or try to reduce their intake, they experience alcohol withdrawal.
High functioning alcoholics tend to deny or minimize the extent of their alcohol problem, often rationalizing their behavior and its consequences. In fact, many highly functional alcoholics excel in their careers or professions, sometimes even achieving high levels of success.
On top of that, they may also maintain personal relationships with friends and family, at least to some extent, thanks to their ability to hide their addiction from those who are close to them.
It’s important to note that while these individuals may seem highly functional, alcoholism can still have serious negative consequences on their health and well-being, as well as on the people around them. Over time, the effects of chronic alcohol abuse can catch up with them, potentially leading to physical and mental health problems, relationship issues, and other problems.
If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol addiction, it is important to seek help from a healthcare professional or a support group. Alcoholism is a treatable condition, and recovery is possible with the right support and treatment.
The Effects of High Functioning Alcoholism
High-functioning alcoholism is a subtype of alcoholism, which means these individuals will still face numerous negative effects and consequences associated with their excessive alcohol consumption.
Health Consequences
High-functioning alcoholics are at risk of developing various health issues, including liver damage, heart disease, high blood pressure, digestive problems, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Alcohol can also disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia or poor-quality sleep, which can affect overall well-being and productivity.
The problem with alcohol-related conditions like liver damage and cancer is that they can take months or years to manifest, but when they do, they can turn into chronic and life-altering health issues. [2]
The health effects of AUD are not just physical. Alcohol abuse can contribute to or exacerbate mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety. It can also lead to cognitive impairment and memory problems.
Relationship Issues
Despite their high-functioning nature, people struggling with alcoholism can still strain their relationships with spouses, children, and other family members. This can result in conflicts, arguments, and emotional distress. Alcohol tends to increase conflict in social and family relationships. [2]
Some high-functioning alcoholics choose to withdraw from social activities or avoid social situations that do not involve drinking. This can lead to isolation and the loss of important relationships. Some even try to hide their drinking habits by lying, isolating themselves, or changing their social circles.
Work and Career Effects
When the person’s alcohol use disorder progresses, the high-functioning nature of their alcoholism may turn into something much more apparent. Excessive alcohol use can impair cognitive function and decision-making, reducing job performance and productivity.
Frequent hangovers or other alcohol-related issues may lead to more sick days and decreased reliability at work. Over time, performance issues and absenteeism may lead to job loss or difficulty in maintaining a stable career.
For some high-functioning alcoholics, their career is the last major life area to deteriorate, as they know that being “good-enough” at their job is important to rationalize their continued substance abuse. [2]
Legal and Financial Consequences
High-functioning alcoholics are at risk of legal issues, such as driving under the influence (DUI) or public intoxication, which can lead to arrests, fines, and legal complications. They may also spend a significant portion of their income on alcohol, impacting their financial stability and long-term financial goals.
Additionally, legal fees, medical bills, and damages from accidents related to alcohol use can lead to unexpected financial burdens.
Tolerance and Dependence
Over time, individuals with high-functioning alcoholism may need more alcohol to achieve the desired effects, which can lead to greater health risks and addiction.
Regular alcohol use can lead to physical dependence, making it difficult to quit or reduce consumption without experiencing withdrawal symptoms. People with drug or alcohol dependence need to go through proper medical detox to help them safely return to the sober lifestyle.
As you can see, multiple areas of a high-functioning alcoholic’s life are greatly affected by the addiction.
It’s essential to recognize that high-functioning alcoholism is still a form of alcohol use disorder and can have severe consequences, even if the person appears to be managing their life successfully. Treatment options, such as therapy, support groups, and medical interventions, can be effective in managing alcohol use disorder and its associated effects.
Alcohol Abuse: How to Spot the Signs of High Functioning Alcoholism
A person with high functioning alcoholism may be hard to identify because their behaviors and diagnostic traits do not reflect someone with a substance use disorder. [1]
Spotting the signs and symptoms of high-functioning alcoholism can be tricky, but there are some things you can look out for if you are worried that someone you love may be struggling with an alcohol problem.
One of the early signs of high-functioning alcoholism is an increased tolerance to alcohol. Individuals may need to drink more to achieve the same effects they once experienced with smaller amounts. This heightened tolerance can lead to excessive consumption over time.
Frequent drinking, heavy drinking, and binge drinking are all signs of an alcohol use disorder.
For women, heavy drinking means having more than three drinks a day or seven a week. As for men, heavy drinking refers to four or more drinks per day or 14 a week. Anyone who drinks more than the daily or weekly limit is at risk. [1]
Meanwhile binge drinking is when someone drinks excessive amounts of alcohol within a short period of time. This habit can also be dangerous because it may expose them to severe impairment, alcohol poisoning, and other potential health risks.
High-functioning alcoholics may consume alcohol more often than they admit, often starting their day with a drink or finding excuses to incorporate alcohol into various aspects of their lives. They may attempt to quit or cut down on their drinking but repeatedly fail. This struggle with control is a clear indicator of alcoholism.
To hide their addiction, they may become secretive about their drinking habits. They may stash alcohol in hidden places or lie about their consumption. They may lie about where they are going or who they are hanging out with.
Even when an addicted person begins to lose their friendships over their alcohol consumption, they will keep drinking. [3]
High-functioning alcoholics can manage to perform well at work and in their personal lives, but they may still be under the influence of alcohol during these activities. This means they have developed the ability to mask the signs of intoxication.
Denial is a common defense mechanism among high-functioning alcoholics. They may downplay the severity of their alcohol use or insist that they have control over it, even when it is clear that they do not. These individuals often rationalize their alcohol use, finding excuses or justifications for their behavior. Common rationalizations include using alcohol to cope with stress or claiming that they are not harming anyone.
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability, anxiety, or physical discomfort when not drinking, is a significant red flag. High-functioning alcoholics may drink to avoid these symptoms.
Despite appearing functional, some high-functioning alcoholics may begin to neglect their responsibilities over time. This can manifest as missed deadlines, relationship problems, or difficulties in personal and professional life. [3]
And finally, long-term alcohol abuse can lead to various health issues, including liver problems, gastrointestinal complications, and mental health disorders. Keep an eye out for signs of declining health.
Other signs to watch out for include: drinking in the morning, drinking when they are alone, forgetting about what they were doing while under the effects of alcohol, getting drunk when they didn’t intend to, and getting angry when confronted about their drinking habits. [3]
How to Properly Approach a High Functioning Alcoholic
The first rule of talking to your loved one who is a high functioning alcoholic is to make sure they are not under the influence of alcohol. When they are under the influence, you may not be able to have a productive conversation. This will also prevent them from being overly defensive or reacting in a dramatic way. [4]
When you can have a rational and meaningful conversation with them, you can place a greater emphasis on your concern towards their situation and condition, and they may also be more receptive to receiving help.
Approaching someone with high-functioning alcoholism can be challenging, however, it’s essential to offer support and help them recognize the need for treatment.
First you need to educate yourself. Learn about alcoholism, its signs, and its impact on addicted individuals and their loved ones. Understanding the condition will help you approach the situation with more empathy and compassion. It also eliminates any pre-conceived notions that you may have regarding addiction.
Unfortunately, there is still stigma surrounding this condition so being able to eliminate its influence will help you provide better support for your loved one.
Choose the right time and place. Find a quiet, private, and non-confrontational setting to talk to the person. Make sure you both have enough time for the conversation.
Start the conversation by expressing your genuine worry and care for the person. Use “I” statements to avoid sounding judgmental. For example, say, “I’ve noticed some changes in your behavior, and I’m concerned about your well-being.” Avoid using accusatory language or blaming the person for their addiction. Alcoholism is a complex disease, and blaming them can create defensiveness and resistance.
Offer examples of behavior or incidents that have raised your concerns. It’s essential to show that you’ve been paying attention to their well-being. Give the person an opportunity to share their perspective, feelings, and experiences by listening actively. Avoid interrupting or making judgments while they speak.
Let the person know that you are there for them and willing to help. You can suggest that they consider seeking professional help or attending support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
Clearly communicate your boundaries and expectations regarding their behavior. Let them know how their alcoholism affects you and your relationship.
Suggest that the person seek professional help from a therapist, counselor, or addiction specialist. You can even provide information about local treatment centers, support groups, and addiction recovery resources. Encourage them to explore these options.
You have to recognize that the person may not be ready to accept help immediately. Alcoholism is a complex issue, and recovery is a personal journey that takes time.
While supporting the person, do not enable their alcoholism by making excuses or covering up for them. Enabling will only perpetuate the problem.
If they still deny or resist treatment, you may have to consider an intervention. You may want to involve a professional interventionist to guide a structured intervention.
Be prepared for resistance and the possibility that they may not accept your offer of assistance immediately. Be persistent, but also take care of your own well-being during this process, as dealing with a loved one’s addiction can be emotionally draining. Just because you opened up the issue doesn’t mean they will immediately get help. [4]
Remember that your role is to be supportive and encouraging, but ultimately, the person with high-functioning alcoholism needs to make the decision to seek help themselves.
Treatment Options for Alcohol Use Disorder
High-functioning alcoholism can actually be more dangerous than the obvious, debilitating type of alcoholism. Their denial only delays treatment, meaning they are at risk of more serious health problems down the line. Because of their situation, they may not admit that they have an alcohol problem. Even if they do, they won’t accept that it is serious enough to warrant treatment. But without treatment, they cannot recover. [5]
Treatment options for high-functioning alcoholics are similar to those for patients with more severe alcohol use disorders, but they may require a tailored approach that takes into account their ability to maintain a façade of normalcy in their personal and professional lives. Here are some common treatment options:
Individual Therapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET), and Contingency Management are some therapies and treatments that are used to help patients identify and change patterns of thought and behavior related to alcohol use. These programs can help them understand the root causes of their addictive behavior.
Group Therapy: High-functioning alcoholics can benefit from group therapy sessions where they can share their experiences, receive support, and learn from others facing similar challenges.
Family Therapy: Involving family members in the treatment process can help improve communication and support systems.
12-Step Programs: Participation in programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) can provide a sense of community and support. High-functioning alcoholics may find these programs beneficial in maintaining abstinence.
Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT): In some cases, healthcare professionals may prescribe medications like naltrexone, Acamprosate, or disulfiram to help manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms while reducing the risk of relapse.
Outpatient Treatment: High functioning alcoholics may benefit from outpatient programs since they are still able to keep up with their responsibilities outside of treatment. This allows them to immediately apply what they are learning in rehab while still receiving the treatment that they need.
Lifestyle and Stress Management: High-functioning alcoholics may need to learn healthier ways to cope with stress and manage their lifestyle to avoid triggers for drinking.
Do not wait for your loved one to hit rock bottom. Enabling them by agreeing with their excuses will only keep them addicted. [5]
It’s crucial for high-functioning alcoholics to recognize the need for treatment and seek help early to prevent the progression of their alcohol use disorder. Support from friends and family can be instrumental in encouraging them to seek treatment. It’s also important for healthcare professionals to conduct a thorough assessment to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the individual’s unique needs.
Overall, high-functioning alcoholism is a challenging condition that requires understanding and support. If you suspect that someone you know may be struggling with this issue, it’s essential to encourage them to seek help and provide the necessary support. Remember that recovery is possible, and seeking assistance is the first step towards a healthier, alcohol-free life.
Look for a rehab near you today to learn more about the available treatment options.
Rehab is Your Best Chance
Treatment is an addicted individualʼs best option if they want to recover. Beating an addiction not only requires eliminating the physical dependence, but also addressing the behavioral factors that prevent them from wanting to get better. Simply quitting may not change the psychological aspect of addiction. Some people quit for a while, and then take drugs or alcohol again, only to overdose because they did not detox properly. Recovery involves changing the way the patient feels, thinks, and behaves.
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