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Oxymorphone , Meridian Mississippi

Oxymorphone is a potent semi-synthetic opioid painkiller or analgesic which referred to as narcotic. It acts in the nervous and other body systems such as the respiratory and circulatory systems. The drug also changes how the body the body’s perception of pain and how it responds to it. Correspondingly, most of the side effects of oxymorphone belong to the reaction in the central nervous system.


The drug is prescribed to relieve mild to serious pain. Doctors prescribed oxymorphone to patients who need a constant treatment of pain for a long period of time. These cases usually cannot be treated with other medication. Furthermore, the drug is used in operative medication to relieve anxiety and as an obstetric analgesic. Oxymorphone commonly marketed under brand names of Opana.

 

History of Oxymorphone

In 1914, oxymorphone was first synthesized in Germany. Enda Pharmaceuticals patented oxymorphone in 1955 and brought in the United States in 1959. Within the year, the drug was internationally marketed. Scientists created oxymorphone to have less potent side effects than morphine and heroin. Also, doctors prescribed oxymorphone to patients who acquired a tolerance for a particular painkiller.

 

Authorities released a medical bulletin removing oxymorphone in the market in the 1070s. The drug was marketed under the brand name of Numorphan. In 1989, users call the drug as “blues” after a Gus Van Sant film “Drugstore Cowboy.” The movie set in the early 70’s about a family of traveling drug users.

 

Other street names of oxymorphone include blues, Mrs. O, orgasna, oranges, octagons, pink heaven, blue heaven, OM, pink lady and stop signs.

 

How Oxymorphone is Abused

Any person who takes oxymorphone without a valid reason or a legitimate prescription is already considered as a drug abuse. Regular exposure to oxymorphone can lead to tolerance which leads to a higher dose to attain its effects. Prolonged exposure may result from dependence on the drug.


Any time Opana is used outside of a legitimate prescription, it is considered to be drug abuse. In 2014, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health or NSDUH discovered that around 4.5 million American, over the age of 12 considered as abusers of oxymorphone. Correspondingly, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC released a medical bulletin calling the drug abuse as an epidemic.

 

The agency based their bulletin when numbers of opioid painkillers and overdose fatalities ballooned within 15 years from the years 1999 to 2014.

 

Unfortunately, users can take Opana, a brand name for oxymorphone orally even without prescription. Also, users can alter the tablet form of the drug by crushing so it can be snorted, or prepared for IV injection. In March 2015, outbreak reports of HIV cases for oxymorphone drug abuse as an injectable drug caused a concern of state officials in Austin and Indiana.

Signs and Symptoms of Oxymorphone Use

As analgesics, oxymorphone can show effects similar to oxycodone, hydrocodone, heroin, and morphine. In 2012, scientist found out that rare blood diseases resulted from using the intravenous injection form of oxymorphone since the recent formulation came out in the market.

 

Mild Side Effects of Oxymorphone

The list below shows the moderate side effects of the drug. It is important for the patient to seek medical help if the symptoms persist:

constipation

  •    dizziness and/or lightheadedness
  •    headache
  •    dry mouth
  •    stomach pain
  •    extreme exhaustion
  •    insomnia
  •    itching

What Are The Severe Effects of Oxymorphone Abuse?

  •    extreme dizziness
  •    severe mood changes and/or agitation
  •    chest pain
  •    chest pain and/or irregular heartbeat
  •    fainting
  •    hives
  •    hoarseness
  •    nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite
  •    rash
  •    reduced sexual desire
  •    seizures
  •    swelling
  •    visual hallucinations


In certain cases, an overdose may happen to users. Oxymorphone overdose is characterized by sleepiness, depression, skeletal muscle weakness and can result in coma. If any of these signs are apparent, seek medical help immediately.

What Are Symptoms of Oxymorphone Overdose?

  •    bluish-colored skin or fingernails
  •    cold, sweaty hands
  •    difficulty in breathing slowed or ceased breathing
  •    increase or decrease of the pupils
  •    weak muscles
  •    extreme sleepiness
  •    loss of consciousness

 

When to seek help

Anyone who increases the dosage of the medication and self-prescribes is a cause for concern.  As the dosage increase, the chance of overdose also increased. These instances will eventually develop into a growing problem.

However, it is difficult to determine opiate abuse but not impossible. Anyone who becomes addicted to oxymorphone will gradually change their normal daily routine. A family member can somehow notice these changes.  Intervention plays an important part in breaking the habit. Health facilities can offer medical assistance for faster recovery.

Call RehabNear.me To find the best drug rehab facilities in your area.

About Meridian

Meridian is the eighth most populous city in the U.S. state of Mississippi, with a population of 35,052 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Lauderdale County and the principal city of the Meridian, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. Along major highways, the city is 93 mi (150 km) east of Jackson; 154 mi (248 km) southwest of Birmingham, Alabama; 202 mi (325 km) northeast of New Orleans, Louisiana; 231 mi (372 km) southeast of Memphis, Tennessee. And 157 mi West of Montgomery Alabama Established in 1860, at the junction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and Southern Railway of Mississippi, Meridian built an economy based on the railways and goods transported on them, and it became a strategic trading center. During the Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman burned much of the city to the ground in the Battle of Meridian (February 1864). Rebuilt after the war, the city entered a "Golden Age". It became the largest city in Mississippi between 1890 and 1930, and a leading center for manufacturing in the South, with 44 trains arriving and departing daily. Union Station, built in 1906, is now a multi-modal center, with access to Amtrak and Greyhound Buses averaging 242,360 passengers per year. Although the economy slowed with the decline of the railroad industry, the city has diversified, with healthcare, military, and manufacturing employing the most people in 2010. The population within the city limits, according to 2008 census estimates, is 38,232, but a population of 232,900 in a 45-mile (72 km) radius and 526,500 in a 65-mile (105 km) radius, of which 104,600 and 234,200 people respectively are in the labor force, feeds the economy of the city. The area is served by two military facilities, Naval Air Station Meridian and Key Field, which employ over 4,000 people. NAS Meridian is home to the Regional Counter-Drug Training Academy (RCTA) and the first local Department of Homeland Security in the state. Students in Training Air Wing ONE (Strike Flight Training) train in the T-45C Goshawk training jet. Key Field is named after brothers Fred and Al Key, who set a world endurance flight record in 1935. The field is now home to the 186th Air Refueling Wing of the Air National Guard and a support facility for the 185th Aviation Brigade of the Army National Guard. Rush Foundation Hospital is the largest non-military employer in the region, employing 2,610 people. Among the city's many arts organizations and historic buildings are the Riley Center, the Meridian Museum of Art, Meridian Little Theatre, and the Meridian Symphony Orchestra. Meridian was home to two Carnegie libraries, one for whites and one for African Americans. The Carnegie Branch Library, now demolished, was one of a number of Carnegie libraries built for blacks in the Southern United States during the segregation era. The Mississippi Arts and Entertainment Experience (the MAX) is located in downtown Meridian. Jimmie Rodgers, the "Father of Country Music", was born in Meridian. Highland Park houses a museum which displays memorabilia of his life and career, as well as railroad equipment from the steam-engine era. The park is also home to the Highland Park Dentzel Carousel, a National Historic Landmark. It is the world's only two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie in existence. Other notable natives include Miss America 1986 Susan Akin; James Chaney, an activist who was one of three civil rights workers murdered in 1964; singer Paul Davis; and Hartley Peavey, founder of Peavey Electronics headquartered in Meridian. The federal courthouse was the site of the 1966–1967 trial of suspects in the murder of Chaney and two other activists. For the first time, an all-white jury convicted a white official of a civil rights killing.

About Mississippi

Mississippi ( MISS-ə-SIH-pee) is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the southwest, and Arkansas to the northwest. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River, or its historical course. Mississippi is the 32nd largest by area and 35th-most populous of the 50 U.S. states and has the lowest per-capita income. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson is the state's most populous metropolitan area, with a population of 591,978 in 2020. The state's history traces back to around 9500 BC with the arrival of Paleo-Indians, evolving through periods marked by the development of agricultural societies, rise of the Mound Builders, and flourishing of the Mississippian culture. European exploration began with the Spanish in the 16th century, followed by French colonization in the 17th century. Mississippi's strategic location along the Mississippi River made it a site of significant economic and strategic importance, especially during the era of cotton plantation agriculture, which led to its wealth pre-Civil War, but entrenched slavery and racial segregation. On December 10, 1817, Mississippi became the 20th state admitted to the Union. By 1860, Mississippi was the nation's top cotton-producing state and slaves accounted for 55% of the state population. Mississippi declared its secession from the Union on January 9, 1861, and was one of the seven original Confederate States, which constituted the largest slaveholding states in the nation. Following the Civil War, it was restored to the Union on February 23, 1870. Mississippi's political and social landscape was dramatically shaped by the Civil War, Reconstruction era, and civil rights movement, with the state playing a pivotal role in the struggle for civil rights. From the end of the Civil War to the 1960s, Mississippi was dominated by socially conservative and segregationist Democrats dedicated to upholding white supremacy. Despite progress, Mississippi continues to grapple with challenges related to health, education, and economic development, often ranking low in national metrics for wealth, health care quality, and educational attainment. Economically, it relies on agriculture, manufacturing, and an increasing focus on tourism, highlighted by its casinos and historical sites. Mississippi produces more than half of the country's farm-raised catfish, and is a top producer of sweet potatoes, cotton and pulpwood. Others include advanced manufacturing, utilities, transportation, and health services. Mississippi is almost entirely within the east Gulf Coastal Plain, and generally consists of lowland plains and low hills. The northwest remainder of the state consists of the Mississippi Delta. Mississippi's highest point is Woodall Mountain at 807 feet (246 m) above sea level adjacent to the Cumberland Plateau; the lowest is the Gulf of Mexico. Mississippi has a humid subtropical climate classification. Mississippi is known for its deep religious roots, which play a central role in its residents' lives. The state ranks among the highest of U.S. states in religiosity. Mississippi is also known for being the state with the highest proportion of African-American residents. The states governance structure is based on the traditional separation of powers, with political trends showing a strong alignment with conservative values. Mississippi boasts a rich cultural heritage, especially in music, being the birthplace of the blues and contributing significantly to the development of the music of the United States as a whole.
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