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Connecticut ( kə-NET-ik-ət) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport. Connecticut lies between the major hubs of New York City and Boston along the Northeast corridor, where the New York metropolitan area, which includes six of Connecticut’s seven largest cities, extends well into the southwestern part of the state. Connecticut is the third-smallest state by area after Rhode Island and Delaware, and the 29th most populous with slightly more than 3.6 million residents as of 2020, ranking it fourth among the most densely populated U.S. states. The state is named after the Connecticut River, the longest in New England which roughly bisects the state and discharges into the Long Island Sound between the towns of Old Saybrook and Old Lyme. The name of the river is in turn derived from anglicized spellings of Quinnetuket, a Mohegan-Pequot word for "long tidal river". Before the arrival of the first European settlers, the region was inhabited by various Algonquian tribes. In 1633, the Dutch West India Company established a small, short-lived settlement called House of Hope in Hartford. Half of Connecticut was initially claimed by the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers, although the first major settlements were established by the English around the same time. Thomas Hooker led a band of followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony. The three colonies merged in 1662 under a royal charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. Connecticut’s official nickname is the "Constitution State”, referring to the Fundamental Orders adopted by the Connecticut Colony in 1639, now considered by some to be the first written constitution in Western history. As one of the Thirteen Colonies which rejected British rule in the American Revolution, Connecticut was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. In January 1788, it became the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution. Connecticut is a developed and affluent state, performing well on the Human Development Index and on different metrics of income except for equality. It is home to a number of prestigious educational institutions, including Yale University in New Haven and other liberal arts colleges and private boarding schools, such as those in the “Knowledge Corridor”. Owning to its geography, Connecticut maintains a strong maritime tradition; the United States Coast Guard Academy is located in New London by the Thames River. The state has also been a major player in the aerospace industry, hosting the headquarters of manufacturers Pratt & Whitney in East Hartford and Sikorsky Aircraft in Stratford. Historically a manufacturing center for arms, hardware, and timepieces, Connecticut, like the rest of the region, had transitioned to an economy based on the financial, insurance, and real estate sectors; many of the firms providing such services can be found concentrated in the state capital of Hartford and along the Gold Coast in Fairfield County.