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Oxymorphone , Juneau Alaska

Oxymorphone is a potent semi-synthetic opioid painkiller or analgesic which referred to as narcotic. It acts in the nervous and other body systems such as the respiratory and circulatory systems. The drug also changes how the body the body’s perception of pain and how it responds to it. Correspondingly, most of the side effects of oxymorphone belong to the reaction in the central nervous system.


The drug is prescribed to relieve mild to serious pain. Doctors prescribed oxymorphone to patients who need a constant treatment of pain for a long period of time. These cases usually cannot be treated with other medication. Furthermore, the drug is used in operative medication to relieve anxiety and as an obstetric analgesic. Oxymorphone commonly marketed under brand names of Opana.

 

History of Oxymorphone

In 1914, oxymorphone was first synthesized in Germany. Enda Pharmaceuticals patented oxymorphone in 1955 and brought in the United States in 1959. Within the year, the drug was internationally marketed. Scientists created oxymorphone to have less potent side effects than morphine and heroin. Also, doctors prescribed oxymorphone to patients who acquired a tolerance for a particular painkiller.

 

Authorities released a medical bulletin removing oxymorphone in the market in the 1070s. The drug was marketed under the brand name of Numorphan. In 1989, users call the drug as “blues” after a Gus Van Sant film “Drugstore Cowboy.” The movie set in the early 70’s about a family of traveling drug users.

 

Other street names of oxymorphone include blues, Mrs. O, orgasna, oranges, octagons, pink heaven, blue heaven, OM, pink lady and stop signs.

 

How Oxymorphone is Abused

Any person who takes oxymorphone without a valid reason or a legitimate prescription is already considered as a drug abuse. Regular exposure to oxymorphone can lead to tolerance which leads to a higher dose to attain its effects. Prolonged exposure may result from dependence on the drug.


Any time Opana is used outside of a legitimate prescription, it is considered to be drug abuse. In 2014, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health or NSDUH discovered that around 4.5 million American, over the age of 12 considered as abusers of oxymorphone. Correspondingly, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC released a medical bulletin calling the drug abuse as an epidemic.

 

The agency based their bulletin when numbers of opioid painkillers and overdose fatalities ballooned within 15 years from the years 1999 to 2014.

 

Unfortunately, users can take Opana, a brand name for oxymorphone orally even without prescription. Also, users can alter the tablet form of the drug by crushing so it can be snorted, or prepared for IV injection. In March 2015, outbreak reports of HIV cases for oxymorphone drug abuse as an injectable drug caused a concern of state officials in Austin and Indiana.

Signs and Symptoms of Oxymorphone Use

As analgesics, oxymorphone can show effects similar to oxycodone, hydrocodone, heroin, and morphine. In 2012, scientist found out that rare blood diseases resulted from using the intravenous injection form of oxymorphone since the recent formulation came out in the market.

 

Mild Side Effects of Oxymorphone

The list below shows the moderate side effects of the drug. It is important for the patient to seek medical help if the symptoms persist:

constipation

  •    dizziness and/or lightheadedness
  •    headache
  •    dry mouth
  •    stomach pain
  •    extreme exhaustion
  •    insomnia
  •    itching

What Are The Severe Effects of Oxymorphone Abuse?

  •    extreme dizziness
  •    severe mood changes and/or agitation
  •    chest pain
  •    chest pain and/or irregular heartbeat
  •    fainting
  •    hives
  •    hoarseness
  •    nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite
  •    rash
  •    reduced sexual desire
  •    seizures
  •    swelling
  •    visual hallucinations


In certain cases, an overdose may happen to users. Oxymorphone overdose is characterized by sleepiness, depression, skeletal muscle weakness and can result in coma. If any of these signs are apparent, seek medical help immediately.

What Are Symptoms of Oxymorphone Overdose?

  •    bluish-colored skin or fingernails
  •    cold, sweaty hands
  •    difficulty in breathing slowed or ceased breathing
  •    increase or decrease of the pupils
  •    weak muscles
  •    extreme sleepiness
  •    loss of consciousness

 

When to seek help

Anyone who increases the dosage of the medication and self-prescribes is a cause for concern.  As the dosage increase, the chance of overdose also increased. These instances will eventually develop into a growing problem.

However, it is difficult to determine opiate abuse but not impossible. Anyone who becomes addicted to oxymorphone will gradually change their normal daily routine. A family member can somehow notice these changes.  Intervention plays an important part in breaking the habit. Health facilities can offer medical assistance for faster recovery.

Call RehabNear.me To find the best drug rehab facilities in your area.

About Juneau

The City and Borough of Juneau, more commonly known simply as Juneau ( JOO-noh; Tlingit: Dzánti K'ihéeni Athapascan pronunciation: [ˈtsʌ́ntʰɪ̀ kʼɪ̀ˈhíːnɪ̀]), is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alaska, located in the Gastineau Channel and the Alaskan panhandle. Juneau was named the capital of Alaska in 1906, when the government of what was then the District of Alaska was moved from Sitka as dictated by the U.S. Congress in 1900. On July 1, 1970, the City of Juneau merged with the City of Douglas and the surrounding Greater Juneau Borough to form the current consolidated city-borough, which ranks as the second-largest municipality in the United States by area and is larger than both Rhode Island and Delaware. Downtown Juneau is nestled at the base of Mount Juneau and it is across the channel from Douglas Island. As of the 2020 census, the City and Borough had a population of 32,255, making it the third-most populous city in Alaska after Anchorage and Fairbanks. Juneau experiences a daily influx of 6,000 people or more from visiting cruise ships between the months of May and September.The city is named after a gold prospector from Quebec, Joe Juneau, although it was once called Rockwell and then Harrisburg (after Juneau's co-prospector, Richard Harris). The Tlingit name of the town is Dzántik'i Héeni ("Base of the Flounder's River", dzánti 'flounder,' –kʼi 'base,' héen 'river'), and Auke Bay just north of Juneau proper is called Áak'w ("Little lake", áa 'lake,' -kʼ 'diminutive') in Tlingit. The Taku River, just south of Juneau, was named after the cold t'aakh wind, which occasionally blows down from the mountains. Juneau is unique among the 49 U.S. capitals on mainland North America in that there are no roads connecting the city to the rest of the state or North America. Honolulu, Hawaii, is the only other state capital which is not connected by road to the rest of North America. The absence of a road network is due to the extremely rugged terrain surrounding the city. In turn Juneau is a de facto island city in terms of transportation; all goods coming in and out must be transported by plane or boat, in spite of the city's location on the Alaskan mainland. Downtown Juneau sits at sea level with tides averaging 16 feet (5 m), below steep mountains about 3,500 to 4,000 feet (1,100 to 1,200 m) high. Atop the mountains is the Juneau Icefield, a large ice mass from which about 30 glaciers flow; two of them, the Mendenhall Glacier and the Lemon Creek Glacier, are visible from the local road system. The Mendenhall Glacier has been gradually retreating; its front face is declining in width and height. The Alaska State Capitol in downtown Juneau was built as the Federal and Territorial Building in 1931. Prior to statehood, it housed federal government offices, the federal courthouse, and a post office. It also housed the territorial legislature and other territorial offices, including that of the governor. Today, Juneau is the home of the state legislature and the offices of the governor and lieutenant governor. Some executive branch offices have moved certain functions to Anchorage and elsewhere in the state .

About Alaska

Alaska ( ə-LASS-kə) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. It borders the Canadian province of British Columbia and the Yukon territory to the east; it shares a western maritime border in the Bering Strait with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas of the Arctic Ocean lie to the north and the Pacific Ocean lies to the south. Technically a semi-exclave of the U.S., it is the largest exclave in the world. Alaska is the largest U.S. state by area, comprising more total area than the next three largest states of Texas, California and Montana combined, and is the seventh-largest subnational division in the world. It is the third-least populous and most sparsely populated U.S. state, but is, with a population of 736,081 as of 2020, the continent's most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel, with more than quadruple the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland. The state capital of Juneau is the second-largest city in the United States by area. The former capital of Alaska, Sitka, is the largest U.S. city by area. The state's most populous city is Anchorage. Approximately half of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. Indigenous people have lived in Alaska for thousands of years, and it is widely believed that the region served as the entry point for the initial settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge. The Russian Empire was the first to actively colonize the area beginning in the 18th century, eventually establishing Russian America, which spanned most of the current state, and promoted and maintained a native Alaskan Creole population. The expense and logistical difficulty of maintaining this distant possession prompted its sale to the U.S. in 1867 for US$7.2 million (equivalent to $151 million in 2022). The area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a territory on May 11, 1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.Abundant natural resources have enabled Alaska—with one of the smallest state economies—to have one of the highest per capita incomes, with commercial fishing, and the extraction of natural gas and oil, dominating Alaska's economy. U.S. Armed Forces bases and tourism also contribute to the economy; more than half the state is federally-owned land containing national forests, national parks, and wildlife refuges. It is among the most irreligious states, one of the first to legalize recreational marijuana, and is known for its libertarian-leaning political culture, generally supporting the Republican Party in national elections. The Indigenous population of Alaska is proportionally the second highest of any U.S. state, at over 15 percent, after only Hawaii.
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